Angiography
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Angiography
CT
CT
A CT scan uses computers and rotating X-ray machines to create cross-sectional images of the body. These images provide more detailed information than typical X-ray images.With contrast , the resolution of the final images is more accurate.
It can be use for
• diagnose infections, muscle disorders, and bone fractures
• Locate masses and tumors
• Visualise the blood vessels and other internal structures
• assess internal injuries and bleeding
• guide procedures, such as surgeries and biopsies
MRI
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
It can be used to examine almost any part of the body, including the:
• brain and spinal cord
• bones and joints
• breasts
• heart and blood vessels
• internal organs, such as the liver, uterus or prostate gland
It is safe and no radiation exposure
However, may not be recommended in certain situations.
⁃ claustrophobic
⁃ With metal implant fitted e.g. pacemaker or artificial joint.
PET Scan
PET Scan
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans detect early signs of cancer, heart disease and brain disorders.
It shows solid tumors in the brain, prostate, thyroid, lungs, and cervix, also assess the occurrence of colorectal tumours, lymphoma, melanoma, and pancreatic tumors and follow treatment effectiveness. However, Slow -growing and much less active tumors or small tumors (less than 7mm) may not be detectable.
Osteroporosis
Osteroporosis
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is a means of measuring bone mineral density ( BMD) using spectral imaging. In order to assess risk of fracture.
The lower your score, the weaker your bones are:
T-score of -1.0 or above = normal bone density.
T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 = low bone density, or osteopenia.
T-score of -2.5 or lower = osteoporosis.
Mammograms
Mammograms
The goal of mammography is to diagnosed early breast cancer through detection of characteristic masses or microcalcifications.
2D mammogram- two pictures are taken of each breast—one from the side and one from above.
3D mammogram - multiple images are taken of the breast from different angles.
It improves cancer detection when compared to 2D mammograms.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound
Mechanism:
An ultrasound scan is a procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of part of the inside of the body. This image is displayed on a monitor while the scan is carried out.
Advantages:
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No side effect
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Painless
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Safe and convenient
Disadvantages:
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Less accurate
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Less detail image (for obese case)
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Operator dependent